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Simulating daily load profiles to evaluate tariff structures
Abdallah, Hadi ; Paar, Martin (referee) ; Radil, Lukáš (advisor)
Tato práce se zabývá simulací denních zátěžových profilů pro účely vyhodnocení tarifní struktury. V první části práce je uvedena rešerše ekonomického hlediska dodávky elektřiny, tedy trhy s elektřinou, návrhem tarifů a tarifními strukturami v Česku a dalších evropských zemích. Práce se také zabývá konceptem komunitních energetických systémů. Stěžejní částí této práce je vytvoření modelu pro simulaci denních zátěžových profilů a zavést to k vyhodnocení více scénářů rozúčtování. Teoretická část práce se zabývá trhem s elektřinou, procesem jeho tvorby a prvky, které dohromady tvoří tarifní strukturu. Ceny elektrické energie jsou uvedeny z historického a aktuálního hlediska pro několik evropských zemí. Poté jsou uvedeny klíčové technologické aspekty komunitních energetických systémů. V praktické části této práce je uvedena simulace určená k vygenerování denních profilů spotřeby domácností. Model, implentován v prostředí Matlabu, používá Poissonovo i Binomické rozdělení. Vychází z profilu obsazenosti (aktivity) v každé domácnosti v jednotlivých hodinách a také z náhodného spínání spotřebičů. Na základě modelu byly otestovány scénáře pro výpočet ceny elektrické energie pro jednotlivé typové případy domácností.
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Demand for gas: Evidence from the 2022 energy crisis
Stuchlík, Jan ; Pertold-Gebicka, Barbara (advisor) ; Opatrný, Matěj (referee)
This thesis analyzes the effects of the 2022 energy crisis on changes in consump- tion patterns among Czech households, with the main focus on natural gas and other energy sources. We captured the effects using income and cross-price elas- ticity of expenditure shares of various goods. We calculated these elasticities from estimated parameters of a quadratic almost ideal demand system. The system parameters were estimated using the iterated feasible generalized non- linear least squares method on household-level data collected by PAQ Research. Demand for gas is income-elastic during the energy crisis, contrasting with other energy sources. Households made significant adjustments to their consumption of luxury goods and necessities in response to the high energy prices. The cross- price elasticity estimates show a decrease in expenditure shares of luxury goods and distant heat in relation to higher gas prices. Reduced healthcare and trans- port expenditure shares and increased solid fuels expenditure shares are related to higher electricity prices. In response to rising prices of necessities, households generally decrease expenditure shares of luxury goods. Households' reactions to the energy crisis are heterogeneous among socio-economic groups.
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Faktory ovlivňující míru úspor domácností ve světových ekonomikách
Kudrnová, Veronika
In our work, we focused on the determinants of household saving rates in the world economies. The determinants were divided into economic, financial, and socio-demographic factors. Based on theoretical assumptions and statistical tests, a panel model with fixed effects was created. We analysed 35 OECD countries between years 2000 and 2020. It was found that the determinants of saving rates and their statistical significance in regression analysis differ across all countries in the sample and in specific regions. Finally, based on the findings, recommendations for economic policy measures are presented.
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Citizens on Material Living Conditions of Their Households - April/May 2023
Červenka, Jan
In a survey conducted in the period since end of March to May of 2023 the Public Opinion Research Centre examined two questions related to evaluation of material living conditions of respondent's households, and to expectation of development of these conditions in this year.\n\nMore than half (53%) of Czechs evaluates material living conditions of their households as good, 35% think they are neither good, nor bad, and 12% consider them to be bad.\n\nA third (34%) of Czechs believe that this year the material living conditions of their households will worsen, a little less than a fifth (18%) expect an improvement, and 46% assume that they will not change. Expectations have improved significantly compared to last year.
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Citizens on Economic Situation of the Czech Republic and Living Standard of Their Households - April/May 2023
Červenka, Jan
According to the Spring 2023 survey of CVVM, 13% of people evaluate the current economic situation in the Czech Republic as good, 29% view it as neither good nor bad, and 58% consider it to be bad.\n\n15% of citizens think that the economic situation will improve in this year, 32% expect no change, and 51% await worsening of economic situation.\n\n59% of Czechs evaluate the living standard of their household as good, 9% consider it to be bad, and 32% characterize it as neither good, nor bad.
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Water footprint of consumption of the Czech households
Možíšová, Jana ; Ščasný, Milan (advisor) ; Turdaliev, Salim (referee)
Since the human society rises the requirements on environment it is important to find ways to mitigate the pressure. One of the possible important aspects could be consumption behaviour of individuals. In thesis we examine the water footprint connected to consumption of Czech households. Using the hybrid input-output analysis we compute the water intensities for domestic production and imported products of 90 product groups and connect them with household expenditures described for 2899 Czech households. In our analysis we use data for 2018 and describe the results separately for blue and green water footprint. The mean annual consumption of blue and green water is 214.3 m3 and 2544 m3 respectively per household member. The highest responsible category for total water footprint is category of food with the 74 %. This category has also the largest computed water intensity among the twelve consumption groups. Analysis also showed the water footprint is distributed unevenly through the households divided to deciles by expenditures. The lowest decile uses about 4 % of total water footprint in comparison to tenth decile consuming almost 18 %. By the linear regression of expenditures and water footprints we got the statistically significant elasticities varies between 0.48 to 2.71. Keywords Water...
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